Linux Basic Commands

For changing directory / to /etc
[root@pc1 /]# cd /etc
One step back /etc to /
[root@pc1 etc]# cd ..
Go to previous working directory
[root@pc1 /]# cd -
Go to current login user home directory
[root@pc1 etc]# cd ~
Show the contents of /etc in single color
[root@pc1 ~]# dir /etc
Show the contents of /etc in different colors with nature of contents
[root@pc1 ~]# Ls /etc
create a folder on root partition
[root@pc1 ~]# mkdir /disk
Create a folder in /disk
[root@pc1 ~]# mkdir /disk/dir
Create multiple folder in multiple directories with single command
[root@pc1 ~]# mkdir /etc/dir1 /var/dir2 /usr/dir3
Create multiple folder in same directory
[root@pc1 ~]# mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3
Copy a file in directory
[root@pc1 disk]# cp file dir
Copy a file from /disk/file and paste it in /disk/dir/
[root@pc1 disk]# cp /disk/file /disk/dir
Copy a directory with –r option
[root@pc1 disk]# cp -r dir dir2
Copy a file from /disk/file and paste it in /etc with myfile name
[root@pc1 disk]# cp /disk/file /etc/myfile
Remove a file
[root@pc1 disk]# rm file
Remove a file with forcefully option
[root@pc1 disk]# rm –f file
Remove a directory with out –r option and you face will an error
[root@pc1 disk]# rm dir
Remove a directory with –r option
[root@pc1 disk]# rm -r /disk
Remove a directory with forcefully option
[root@pc1 disk]# rm -rf dir
Move /etc/dir1 to /disk/ with different name
[root@pc1 disk]# mv /etc/dir1 /disk/mydir
Rename the folder name mydir to dir
[root@pc1 disk]# mv /disk/mydir /disk/dir
Rename the file name with myfile
[root@pc1 disk]# mv file myfile
Read a file page by page with less command
[root@pc1 disk]# less /etc/grub.conf
Read a file page by page with more command
[root@pc1 disk]# more /etc/qrub.conf
Read first ten lines of grub.conf
[root@pc1 disk]# head /etc/grub.conf
Read last ten lings of grub.conf
[root@pc1 disk]# tail /etc/grub.conf
Read first 12 lines with –n option
[root@pc1 disk]# head -n 12 /etc/grub.conf
Read last 11 lines with –n option
[root@pc1 disk]# tail -n 11 /etc/grub.conf
Copy the contents of /etc/grub.conf in /disk/file
[root@pc1 disk]# cat /etc/grub.conf > /disk/file
Append the contents /etc/mtab in /etc/file
[root@pc1 disk]# cat /etc/mtab >> /disk/file
Merging tow commands with pipe sign output of the first command is input of second command
[root@pc1 disk]# cat /etc/squid/squid.conf I more
Count the total lines of squid.conf
[root@pc1 disk]# cat /etc/squid/squid.conf I wc -L
Show only spool words in squid.conf
[root@pc1 disk]# cat /etc/squid/squid.conf I grep spool
Flush the contents of file
[root@pc1 disk]# cat /dev/null > /var/log/messages

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